GRADUATE EDUCATION:
1990 – 1992 National Institute of Mental Health Research Fellow in Clinically Relevant Anthropology. Department of Social Medicine, Harvard University.
1989 Ph.D. Anthropology and Urban Studies. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.
ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS:
2000 - International Faculty, Health, Humanity and Culture Research Center, Department of Philosophy, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
2000 - Professor, Joint Appointment, Department of Occupational Science and Therapy, and Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California.
1999 Visiting Professor, Research Center: Health, Humanity and Culture, Department of Philosophy, University of Aarhus, Denmark
1996 - 2000 Associate Professor, Joint Appointment, Department of Occupational Science and Therapy, and Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California.
1995 Visiting Associate Professor, University of Sidney, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australia
1994 - 1996 Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago.
1988 - 1994 Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago.
GRANT ACTIVITIES:
2001 - 2004 Co-Principal Investigator, Long Term Research Supplement for Underrepresented Minorities, National Institutes of Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. R01HD38878-02S2. $520,447.
2001 - 2004 Co-Principal Investigator, Long Term Research Supplement for Individuals with Disabilities, National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. 3R01HD38878-01A1S1. $657,698.
2000 - 2004 Co-Principal Investigator, Boundary Crossing: An Ethnographic & Longitudinal Study, National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research, National Institutes of Health. 1R01HD38878-01A1. $1,455,400.
1997 - 1999 Principal Investigator, Crossing Cultural Boundaries: An Ethnographic Study, Maternal and Child Health. MCJ-060745-01-0. $787,096.
1995 - 1997 Co-Principal Investigator, Re-examining Outcomes for Innovative Practice, American Occupational Therapy Foundation. $30,000.
1992 - 1997 Project Faculty, Advanced Competencies in Maternal and Child Health for Occupational Therapists: Incorporating the Client's Perspective in Working with Minority Families. U.S. Department of Education, Federal Grant HHS MCJ-009101-06-0. $550,000.
1990 - 1993 Principal Investigator, Reducing Cultural Misunderstandings in Schools and Related Service Settings, U.S. Department of Education. Federal Grant H023H000005. $900,000.
1990 - 1991 Co-Principal Investigator: Study of the Clinical Reasoning Strategies of Occupational Therapists. National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, D.C. $10,000.
1990 - 1991 Co-Principal Investigator: Study of the Clinical Reasoning Strategies of Occupational Therapists. Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. $10,000.
1988 - 1990 Project Faculty, A Model Training Program for School System Therapists, U.S. Department of Education, Federal Grant G008730060. $400,000.
1986 - 1988 Principal Investigator, Ethnographic Study of Clinical Reasoning Among Occupational Therapists, American Occupational Therapy Foundation. $120,000.
HONORS AND AWARDS:
2000 Victor Turner Prize for Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience. Society for Humanistic Anthropology, American Anthropological Association.
1999 Polgar Prize for In search of the good: Narrative reasoning in clinical practice [Medical Anthropology Quarterly]. Society for Medical Anthropology, American Anthropological Association.
1999 Phi Kappa Phi Faculty Recognition Award for Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience. University of Southern California.
1999 - Academy of Research, American Occupational Therapy Association.
1996 – 2000 Appointment, Research Study Committee, Maternal and Child Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
1992 Corbin/Page Award. The University of Vermont.
1992 Outstanding Service Award for Excellence in Research. The American Occupational Therapy Foundation.
1990 - 1992 National Institute of Mental Health Research Fellowship. Department of Social Medicine, Harvard University.
PUBLICATIONS & BOOKS:
In Press Jensen, U., & Mattingly, C. (Eds.) Narrative, self and social practice. Aarhus, Denmark: University of Aarhus Press.
2000 Mattingly, C., & Garro, L. (Eds.). Narrative and the cultural construction of illness and healing. Berkeley: University of California Press.
1998 Mattingly, C. Healing dramas and clinical plots: The narrative structure of experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1994 Mattingly, C., & Fleming, M. Clinical reasoning: Forms of inquiry in a therapeutic practice. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Press.
GUEST EDITOR: INVITED SPECIAL ISSUES:
1998 Hunt, L., & Mattingly, C. Rationality in the real world: Varieties of reasoning about illness. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 12(3).
1994 Garro, L., & Mattingly, C. Narrative representations of illness and healing. Social Science and Medicine, 38(6).
ARTICLES & BOOK CHAPTERS:
In Press Mattingly, C., Lawor, M. & Jacobs-Huey, L. Narrating September 11: Race, gender, and the play of cultural identities. American Anthropologist (forthcoming September issue 2002)
In Press Mattingly, C. Senses of an ending: The self in narrative suspense. In U. Jensen & C. Mattingly (Eds.) Narrative, self and social practice. Denmark: Aarhus University Press.
In Press Mattingly, C. & Jensen, U. Introduction. In U. Jensen & C. Mattingly (Eds.) Narrative, self and social practice. Denmark: Aarhus University Press.
2001 Mattingly, C., & Lawlor, M. The fragility of healing. Ethos 29(1), 30-57.
2001 Lawlor, M., & Mattingly, C. Beyond the unobtrusive observer: Reflections on ethnography among urban African-American families. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 55, 147-154.
2000 Mattingly, C. Emergent narratives. In C. Mattingly & L. Garro (Eds.), Narrative and the cultural construction of illness and healing, (pp. 181-211). Berkeley: University of California Press.
2000 Mattingly, C., & Lawlor, M. Learning from stories: Narrative interviewing in cross-cultural research. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 7, 4-14.
2000 Fleming, M., & Mattingly, C. Action and narrative: Two dynamics of clinical reasoning. In J. Higgs & M. Jones (Eds.), Clinical reasoning in the health professions. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
2000 Garro, L., & Mattingly, C. Narrative turns. In C. Mattingly & L. Garro (Eds.), Narrative and the cultural construction of illness and healing, (pp. 259-269). Berkeley: University of California Press.
2000 Garro, L., & Mattingly, C. Narrative as construct and construction. In C. Mattingly & L. Garro (Eds.), Narrative and the cultural construction of illness and healing, (pp. 1-49). Berkeley: University of California Press.
1998 Mattingly, C. In search of the good: Narrative reasoning in clinical practice. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 12(3), 273-297.
1998 Mattingly, C., & Lawlor, M. Illness experience from a family perspective. In M. Neistadt & E. Crepeau (Eds.), Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy (9th ed., pp. 43-53). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
1998 Hunt, L., & Mattingly, C. Introduction: Diverse rationalities and multiple realities in illness and healing. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 12(3), 267-272.
1998 Lawlor, M., & Mattingly, C. The complexities embedded in family centered care. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 52(4), 259-267.
1997 Mattingly, C., Fleming, M., & Gillette, N. Narrative explorations in the tacit dimension: Bringing language to practice. Journal for Critical Social Science (Nordiske Udkast) 1, 65-78.
1996 Mallinson, T., Kielhofner, G., Mattingly, C. Metaphor and meaning in a clinical interview. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 50(5) 338-346.
1994 Mattingly, C. The concept of therapeutic emplotment. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 811-822.
1994 Mattingly, C. & Garro, L. Introduction: Narratives of illness and healing Social Science and Medicine, 38, 771-774.
1994 Good, M.J., Munakata, T., Kobayashi, Y., Mattingly, C., & Good, B. Oncology and narrative time. Social Science and Medicine, 38, 855-862.
1994 Helfrich, C., Kielhofner, G., & Mattingly, C. Volition as narrative: Understanding motivation in chronic illness. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 38(4), 311-317.
1993 Mattingly, C. & Beer, D.W. Interpreting culture in a therapeutic context. In H. Hopkins and H.D. Smith (Ed.), Willard & Spackman's occupational therapy (8th Edition), (pp 154-161). Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co.
1993 Spencer, J., Krefting, L., & Mattingly, C. Incorporation of ethnographic methods in occupational therapy assessment. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 47(4), 303-309.
1991 Mattingly, C. Narrative reflections on practical actions. In D. Schon (Ed.), The reflective turn: Case studies in and on practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
1991 Mattingly, C. & Gillette, N. Anthropology, occupational therapy and action research. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(11), 972-978.
1991 Mattingly, C. What is clinical reasoning? American Journal of OccupationalTherapy, 45(11), 979-986.
1991 Mattingly, C. The narrative nature of clinical reasoning. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 45(11), 998-1005.
1991 Niehues, A., Bundy, A., Mattingly, C., & Lawlor, M. Making a difference: Occupational therapy in public schools. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research, 45, 687-694.
1988 Mattingly, C. Perspectives in clinical reasoning for occupational therapy. In S. Robertson (Ed.), Mental health focus: Skills for assessment and treatment. American Occupational Therapy Association.
1987 Gillette, N. & Mattingly, C. Clinical reasoning in occupational therapy. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 41(6), 399-400.
INVITED REVIEW ESSAYS:
1999 Mattingly, C. Rewriting the self: History, memory and narrative-a book review essay. Transcultural Psychiatry, 36(4), 513-515.
1998 Mattingly, C. Time, narrative and cultural action. [Book review essay] American Anthropologist, 100(1), 184-186.
1994 Mattingly, C. The terrible adventure of rehabilitation, [Case Stories Series, Arthur Frank (Ed.)], Second Opinion, 20(1), 40-45.
1993 Mattingly, C. What's all this fuss about phenomenology? or Why do we have to read philosophy to do research? [Commentary on Shepard, K., Jensen,G., Schmoll, B., et al. "Alternative approaches to research in physical therapy: Positivism and phenomenology"]. Physical Therapy, 73, 98-100.
SELECTED CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS:
1995 Mattingly, C. The narrative construction of clinical experience: Clinical reasoning and the creation of clinical plot. Proceedings of the Australian Association of Occupational Therapists' 18th Federal and Inaugural Pacific Rim Conference. Hobart: A.A.O.T.
1992 Fleming, M.H. & Mattingly, C.M. The clinical reasoning processes of occupational therapists. Proceedings of Occupational Therapy Conference, (pp. 65-70). Dublin, Ireland.
SELECTED PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS:
2000 Mattingly, C. Narrative densities, narrative reasoning and the eventfulness of healing. 2000 Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association 99th Annual Meeting (November 15-19, 2000). Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.
2000 Mattingly, C., & Lutkehaus, N. Cultural psychology meets anthropology: Papers in honor of Jerome Bruner. 2000 Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association 99th Annual Meeting (November 15-19, 2000). Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.
2000 Complex Clinical Reasoning in Community-Based Care: The underground practice. The Annual Conference & Exposition 2000: Conference Program. Bethesda, MD: American Occupational Therapy Association.
2000 Once upon a time... How narrative informs practice. The Annual Conference & Exposition 2000: Conference Program. American Occupational Therapy Association. Bethesda, MD.
1999 Hunt, L., & Mattingly, C. Performing "race" and ethnicity in the crisis of the medical moment. 1999 Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association 98th Annual Meeting (November 17-21, 1999). Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.
1999 Mattingly, C., & Rouse, C. A Confrontation with Dying. 1999 Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association 98th Annual Meeting (November 17-21, 1999). Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.
1997 Mattingly, C. Narrative suspense and the lost self. In M. Hedegaard & S. Chaiklin (Eds.), Abstracts of the Fourth Congress of the International Society for Cultural Research and Activity Theory: Activity Theory and Cultural Historical Approaches to Social Practice (June 7-11, 1998). Risskov, Denmark: Institute of Psychology.
1997 Mattingly, C. Thinking with stories: Narrative reasoning in clinical practice. 1997 Program Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association
1997 Marshall, P., Mattingly, C. & Keonig, B. Moral and practical reasoning in biomedicine and beyond. 1997 Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association
1995 Mattingly, C. Why do we tell stories about illness? Raising the mimetic question in the context of medical anthropology. 1995 Program Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
1995 Mattingly, C. & Garro, L. Narrative as construct and as construction: Stories in a world of illness. 1995 Program Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
1993 Mattingly, C. What is "The Good" for this patient? Clinical reasoning and narrative searches for a telos. 1993 Program Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
1991 Mattingly, C. Contested meanings: Telling tales about disability in south side Chicago. 1991 Program Abstract of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
1991 Mattingly, C., & Desjarlais, R. The poetics of pain. [Session abstract.] 1991 Program Abstract of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
1990 Mattingly, C. The clinical encounter as dialogue between story and experience. 1990 Program Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
1990 Garro, L., & Mattingly, C. Narrative as representation of experience: Stories of illness and healing. [Session Abstract.] 1990 Program Abstracts of the American Anthropological Association. Washington, DC: American Anthropological Association.
SELECTED PRESENTED PAPERS AT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES:
2001 Narrative, Experience, and Clinical Practice. College of Occupational Therapists. London, United Kingdom.
2000 Race and Ethnicity in the Clinical Encounter. Culture Brokering: Relating Health Care and Illness to Everyday Life. III Conference of Sociocultural Research. Sao Paulo, Brazil.
1999 Narrative and Self in Medical Anthropology. Research Center: Health, Humanities, and Culture. Aarhus University, Denmark.
1999 Narrative and the Phenomenology of Disability. Danish School of Advanced Education for Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists. Aarhus University, Denmark.
1999 Therapeutic Plots and Family Dramas: The Complexities of Collaboration Between Healers and Families in South Central Los Angeles, Department of Philosophy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
1999 Emergent Narratives and The Social Construction of Self. Department of Philosophy. Aarhus University, Denmark.
1999 Learning how to Hope: African-American Parents and Children with Disabilities. Network for Non-Scholastic Learning, Department of Philosophy, Aarhus University, Denmark.
1999 Narrative Construction of the Uncertain Self. Department of Psychology. Copenhagen University.
1998 Creating Pocahontas and Other Collaborative Moments: Clinical Encounters Between an Occupational Therapist and Her Client. Network for Non-Scholastic Learning, Nordic Consortium (University of Aarhus and University of Copenhagen), Beitestolen, Norway.
1998 Narrative and the Construction of Self. World Occupational Therapy Conference. Montreal, Canada.
1998 Senses of an Ending: The Self Under Threat. Panel: Narratives, Emotions and the Self. Fourth Congress of the International Society for Cultural Research and Activity Theory: Activity Theory and Cultural Historical Approaches to Social Practice. University of Aarhus, Denmark.
1996 Senses of an Ending: Reasons and Imagination in Clinical Narrative. Panel: Embodied Agents in Local Worlds: The Relevance to Bioethics. Third World Congress of Bioethics. San Francisco, CA.
1995 Narrative Constructions of the Self. Philosophy Symposium: Self and Personal Identity. Philosophy Department. University of Aarhus: Denmark.
1995 Narrative Reasoning in Clinical Practice. University of Sydney, Faculty of Health Sciences. Sydney, Australia.
1995 Narrative Creation of Clinical Experience. 18th Federal and Inaugural Pacific Rim Conference, Australian Association of Occupational Therapists. Hobart, Tasmania.
1994 Therapeutic Emplotment: Implications for Psychological Anthropology. Society of Psychological Anthropology: Montreal Canada.
1994 Narrative as Mode of Thought and Structure of Experience. Institut for Filosofi, Aarhus University: Aarhus, Denmark.
1993 Thinking with Stories: Therapeutic Emplotment in the World of Therapy. School of Rehabilitation, University of Manitoba: Winnipeg, Manitoba.
1993 Narrative and Experience: An Alternative Approach to Clinical Reasoning. The Danish Association for Occupational Therapists: Aarhus, Denmark.
1993 Narrative Constructions of Therapeutic Experience. Karolinska Institute: Stockholm, Sweden.
1992 Giving Language to Practice: Action Research in Occupational Therapy. International Action Health Conference: Aarhus, Denmark.
1992 The Clinical Reasoning Processes of Occupational Therapists. Occupational Therapy Conference: Dublin, Ireland.
SELECTED NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS:
2001 Performance Narratives in Medicine. Narrative Based Medicine. An Interdisciplinary Conference: Research, Teaching, & Practice. British Medical Association. Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK.
2001 Rationality, Healing and Happy Endings. Philosophy, Anthropology and the Health Science: Rationality and Justice. Research Center: Health, Humanities, and Culture. Aarhus University, Denmark.
2000 Once upon a time... How narrative informs practice. The Annual Conference & Exposition 2000. American Occupational Therapy Association. Bethesda, MD.
2000 Complex Clinical Reasoning in Community-Based Care: The Underground Practice. The Annual Conference & Exposition 2000. American Occupational Therapy Association. Bethesda, MD.
1996 Narrative: Structure and Meaning. Qualitative Research Exchange. American Occupational Therapy Association Narrative Conference. Chicago, IL.
1995 Clinical Imagination in the Clinical Reasoning Process, North Carolina Conference of Occupational Therapy.
1995 Narrative Creation of Clinical Experience. 18th Federal and Inaugural Pacific Rim Conference, Australian Association of Occupational Therapists. Hobart, Tasmania.
1991 What Story Am I In? Massachusetts Occupational Therapy Association: Marlborough, MA.
1990 The Narrative Nature of Clinical Reasoning. Pennsylvania Occupational Therapy Association: Philadelphia, PA.
1988 Thinking With Stories: The Narrative Nature of Clinical Reasoning, Commission on Education, American Occupational Therapy Association: Indianapolis, IN.
1988 Putting It All Together: Teaching Clinical Reasoning. Regional Fieldwork Coordinators Council: Boston, MA.
1988 A New Approach to Practice, Improving Clinical Reasoning. One day conference sponsored by Boston University Hospital Department of Rehabilitation Medicine: Boston, MA.
SELECTED PRESENTATIONS AT NATIONAL CONFERENCES & WORKING GROUPS:
2001 Narrative Practices and Health care for African American Children. Increasing Cultural Diversity in the American Health Care System (preliminary working group). Russell Sage Foundation. New York, NY.
2001 Pocahontas Goes to the Clinic: Disney™ And Dying in an African American Family. National Institute of Mental Health Conference on Cultural Diversity. Harvard University. Cambridge, MA.
2000 Interpreting Text: Exploring Approaches to Narrative Analysis. The Annual Conference & Exposition 2000: Conference Program. American Occupational Therapy Association. Bethesda, MD.
1999 Narrative, Occupation and the Creation of Hope. Panel: Children's Occupations form Multiple Perspectives. American Occupational Therapy Association. Indianapolis, IN.
1999 A Confrontation with Dying. Panel: Performing Race and Ethnicity in the Crisis of the Medical Moment. American Anthropological Association. Chicago, IL.
1997 Thinking With Stories: Narrative Reasoning in Clinical Practice. Panel: Moral and Practical Reasoning in Biomedicine and Beyond. American Anthropological Association. Washington, D.C.
1997 Forms of Rationality: Moral and Practical Reasoning in Biomedicine and Beyond, Panel co-organized with Patricia Marshall and Barbara Koenig, American Anthropological Association. Washington, D.C.
1996 Research as Reflective Dialogue: Action Research in the Work Setting. American Occupational Therapy Research Colloquium. American Occupational Therapy Association. Chicago, IL.
1993 What is "The Good" for This Patient? Clinical Reasoning and Narrative Searches for a Telos. American Anthropological Association: Washington, DC.
1992 Advanced Applications of Clinical Reasoning Research to Education and Practice. American Occupational Therapy Association Annual Meeting: Houston, TX.
1992 Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy. American Occupational Therapy Association Annual Meeting: Houston, TX.
1991 Resisting Meaninglessness: Storymaking and 'Criminal Acts' in a South Side Chicago School. American Anthropological Association: Chicago, IL.
1990 The Clinical Encounter as Dialogue Between Story and Experience. American Anthropological Association: New Orleans, LA.
1989 Clinical Reasoning. The American Occupational Therapy Association Practice Symposium: St. Louis, MO.
1989 Taking an Ethnographic Approach to the Study of Clinical Reasoning. Research Symposium, American Occupational Therapy Association: Baltimore, MD.
1989 Phenomenological Aspects of Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy. Directions for the Future Symposium: Chapel Hill, NC.
1989 Shifting Practices and Shifting Discourses in Occupational Therapy, Symposium on Occupational Science. Departments of Anthropology and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California: Los Angeles, CA.
1989 Invited Presentation: Clinical Reasoning and the Complexity of Practice. AOTA Directions for the Future Project, Facilitators' Meeting: Chapel Hill, NC.
EDITORIAL & EXECUTIVE BOARDS
2000 - 2003 Society for Medical Anthropology
1999 - Academy of Research, American Occupational Therapy Association
1998 - Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy
MEMBERSHIPS IN PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
2000 - International Society for Cultural Research and Activity Theory
1989 - Society for Medical Anthropology
1989 - Society for Psychological Anthropology
1987 - American Anthropological Association
1987 - Society for Cultural Anthropology
1987 - Society for Humanistic Anthropology
GUEST PROFESSOR TEACHING APPOINTMENTS
INTERNATIONAL DOCTORAL AND MASTERS COURSES:
1999 Narrative and the Self. (Short Course) Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen.
1995 Narrative and the Phenomenology of Disability. Perth University. Perth, Australia.
1995 Narrative and Clinical Reasoning. (Doctoral Course.) Stockholm, Sweden.
1995 Symposium on Clinical Reasoning. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Australia. Adelaide, Australia.
1993 Clinical Reasoning Colloquium. Jonkoping, Sweden.
1993 Symposium
on Clinical Reasoning. University of Aarhus: Aarhus, Denmark.
1990 Stories and Plans: Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy, Part II. Dalhousie University: Halifax, Nova Scotia.
1989 Stories and Plans: Clinical Reasoning in Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University: Halifax, Nova Scotia.
DOCTORAL AND MASTERS COURSES:
1991 Clinical Reasoning and Narrative Reasoning, Graduate Course. Medical University of South Carolina: Charleston, SC.
1991 Clinical Reasoning: Narrative and Phenomenological Approaches, Graduate Course. Tufts University: Medford, MA.
1990 Methods in Medical and Psychiatric Anthropology - Narrative Analysis in Medical Anthropology, Graduate Seminar. (Taught with Professor Byron Good), Department of Anthropology. Harvard University: Cambridge, MA.
1990 Narrative and Phenomenological Approaches to Clinical Reasoning, Graduate Course. Tufts University: Medford, MA.
1989 Clinical Stories and Clinical Reasoning, Graduate Course. Medical University of South Carolina: Charleston, SC.